Blind Special Education Students' Mathematics Psychology in the Pandemic: The Impact of Flipped Classroom Learning

Blind students' mathematics learning results during the Covid-19 epidemic will be examined in this research using a Flipped Classroom approach. This research makes use of a quasi-experimental approach that includes non-equivalent control groups. Blind kids in grades IV and V make up the study's population of 16 participants. Saturated sampling was used to collect the samples. Students in the experimental class are taught using the Flipped Classroom paradigm, while those in the control class are taught using a direct learning approach as a comparison. A p-value greater than 0.05 indicates that the data are normal and homogenous. The average of two unpaired samples from data is compared using the independent sample t-test. There is no H0 for a t-statistic of less than 0.05;if it is less than 0.05, it is not accepted. First, the Sig.t count (2-tailed) or the P-value are compared to make the first decision. After the second judgment, H0 is no longer a valid hypothesis. Learning arithmetic in a traditional classroom or without any treatment utilizing the Flipped Classroom methodology was shown to be less beneficial for blind pupils during the covid-19 outbreak © 2023, Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities.All Rights Reserved.

Review of the Best Practices in Human Resource Management during the Covid-19 pandemic

Background and aims: The spread of the Covid-19 virus has disrupted economic, industrial and trade cycles. In this condition, human resources have been severely exposed to damage. This matter highlights the attention to the role of human resource management in dealing with these harms. Therefore, this study seeks to identify a set of management actions taken in human resources during the Corona outbreak by reviewing another research related to the subject. The purpose of this study is to introduce the best management strategies.. Methods: This study is a systematic review based on internal databases including Magiran, IranDoc, S.I.D., and international databases including Web of Science and Google Scholar search engine from 2020 to 2021, using keywords of Human resource management, Covid-19, and Coronavirus, their English equivalents, and combinations.. Results: 15 articles were eligible to include the research out of 47 articles obtained. The review of reports indicates that the best management measures during the outbreak of Corona include teleworking, establish online training, health protection and safety at work, provide incentives, participate in reducing employee stress, etc. Conclusion: A review of the available documents shows that most organizations have faced many problems with the outbreak of the Corona crisis globally, so overcoming them requires special measures by human resource management. © 2022 Iran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

Discovery of novel papain-like protease inhibitors for potential treatment of COVID-19.

The recent emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants creates an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic agents to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks. Among SARS-CoV-2 essential proteases is papain-like protease (SARS-CoV-2 PLpro), which plays multiple roles in regulating SARS-CoV-2 viral spread and innate immunity such as deubiquitinating and deISG15ylating (interferon-induced gene 15) activities. Many studies are currently focused on targeting this protease to tackle SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, we performed a phenotypic screening using an in-house pilot compounds collection possessing a diverse skeleta against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. This screen identified SIMR3030 as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. SIMR3030 has been shown to exhibit deubiquitinating activity and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 specific gene expression (ORF1b and Spike) in infected host cells and possessing virucidal activity. Moreover, SIMR3030 was demonstrated to inhibit the expression of inflammatory markers, including IFN-α, IL-6, and OAS1, which are reported to mediate the development of cytokine storms and aggressive immune responses. In vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) assessment of the drug-likeness properties of SIMR3030 demonstrated good microsomal stability in liver microsomes. Furthermore, SIMR3030 demonstrated very low potency as an inhibitor of CYP450, CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 which rules out any potential drug-drug interactions. In addition, SIMR3030 showed moderate permeability in Caco2-cells. Critically, SIMR3030 has maintained a high in vivo safety profile at different concentrations. Molecular modeling studies of SIMR3030 in the active sites of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV PLpro were performed to shed light on the binding modes of this inhibitor. This study demonstrates that SIMR3030 is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro that forms the foundation for developing new drugs to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutics for a possible future outbreak of new SARS-CoV-2 variants or other Coronavirus species.

World Health Organization (WHO) and Global World Health Governance in the Post-Pandemic Era from the Perspectives of Neorealism and Neoliberalism

The Covid-19 pandemic has prompted international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) to fight the outbreak. WHO, as a critical player in the global health order, is responsible for preventing the recurrence of pandemics like Covid-19 in the future. This scientific article, this study examines the role of WHO in developing global health governance through two essential glasses of International Relations, neorealism and neoliberalism. This study uses qualitative methods supported by secondary data to support the argument. The results show two opposing viewpoints on the role of WHO in developing global health governance. The WHO's role is viewed with skepticism by neorealists, who believe that countries can only rely on themselves to cope with the threat of future pandemics. On the other hand, the neoliberal perspective encourages countries to participate in global health governance in collaboration with WHO actively. The author concludes that the government must continue developing its capabilities to survive another pandemic. States, on the other hand, must collaborate with international organizational actors to establish inclusive and adaptive global health governance. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Validation of a Novel Fluorescent Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD Binding Antibody Units (BAU) from Plasma or Fingerstick Whole-Blood of COVID-19 Vaccinees.

Background: Limited commercial LFA assays are available to provide a reliable quantitative measurement of the total binding antibody units (BAU/mL) against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-RBD). Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the fluorescence LFA FinecareTM 2019-nCoV S-RBD test along with its reader (Model No.: FS-113) against the following reference methods: (i) the FDA-approved GenScript surrogate virus-neutralizing assay (sVNT); and (ii) three highly performing automated immunoassays: BioMérieux VIDAS®3, Ortho VITROS®, and Mindray CL-900i®. Methods: Plasma from 488 vaccinees was tested by all aforementioned assays. Fingerstick whole-blood samples from 156 vaccinees were also tested by FinecareTM. Results and conclusions: FinecareTM showed 100% specificity, as none of the pre-pandemic samples tested positive. Equivalent FinecareTM results were observed among the samples taken from fingerstick or plasma (Pearson correlation r = 0.9, p < 0.0001), suggesting that fingerstick samples are sufficient to quantitate the S-RBD BAU/mL. A moderate correlation was observed between FinecareTM and sVNT (r = 0.5, p < 0.0001), indicating that FinecareTM can be used for rapid prediction of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) post-vaccination. FinecareTM BAU results showed strong correlation with VIDAS®3 (r = 0.6, p < 0.0001) and moderate correlation with VITROS® (r = 0.5, p < 0.0001) and CL-900i® (r = 0.4, p < 0.0001), suggesting that FinecareTM can be used as a surrogate for the advanced automated assays to measure S-RBD BAU/mL.

A stochastic computing procedure to solve the dynamics of prevention in HIV system

The motive of this work is to find the numerical simulations of a dynamical HIV model along with the effects of prevention, i.e., HIPV nonlinear mathematical system. An advance computational framework using the procedures of Meyer neural networks (MNNs) together with the compotnecies of local/global search approaches is presented to solve the HIPV nonlinear mathematical system. The global and local operators will be used as genetic algorithm (GA) and interor-point algorithm (IPA), i.e., GAIPA. The dynamicis of HIPV mathematical system is classified into four categories, ‘T-cells attentiveness’, ‘Infected from disease, ‘Prevention actions’ and ‘Virus free particles. An error function is constructed using the differential system and its boundary conditions. The optimization of this function is presented through the hybridization computing paradigms of MWNNs-GAIPA. The correctness of the designed MWNNs-GAIPA is obtained by using the comparion of the obtained and reference solutions. The performance of this scheme is also acheived through the overlapping of the results with the accuracy of order 5 t 7 in the plots of absolute error. The reliability of the proposed MWNNs-GAIPA solver is observed by providing the statistical analysis by using different operators.

Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Berberine in Lung Tissue and its Potential Application in Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19.

Natural products with known safety profiles are a promising source for the discovery of new drug leads. Berberine presents an example of one such phytochemical that has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties against myriads of diseases, ranging from respiratory disorders to viral infections. A growing body of research supports the pluripotent therapeutic role berberine may play against the dreaded disease COVID-19. The exact pathophysiological features of COVID-19 are yet to be elucidated. However, compelling evidence suggests inflammation and immune dysregulations as major features of this disease. Being a potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent, berberine may prove to be useful for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. This review aims to revisit the pharmacological anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory benefits of berberine on a multitude of respiratory infections, which like COVID-19, are known to adversely affect the airways and lungs. We speculate that berberine may help alleviate COVID-19 via preventing cytokine storm, restoring Th1/Th2 balance, and enhancing cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore, the role this promising phytochemical plays on other important inflammatory mediators involved in respiratory disorders will be underscored. We further highlight the role of berberine against COVID-19 by underscoring direct evidence from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies suggesting the inhibitory potential berberine may play against three critical SARS-CoV-2 targets, namely main protease, spike protein, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Further preclinical and clinical trials are certainly required to further substantiate the efficacy and potency of berberine against COVID-19 in humans.

FREQUENCY OF MYOCARDITIS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

Objective: To determine frequency of myocarditis in COVID-19 patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology-National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC-NIHD), Rawalpindi and Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi, from Dec 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: A total of 143 hospitalized patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 infection via RT-PCR were included in the study. Patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions were excluded. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and their ejection fractions were recorded. Meticulous testing for the inflammatory markers including CRP, serum ferritin, procalcitonin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cardiac biomarker (NT-pro-BNP) was carried out. The data was recorded on a specially designed questionnaire and later transferred to SPSS-23 for analysis. Myocarditis was diagnosed on the basis of reduced Ejection Fraction or raised NT pro BNP or both in a person without any known cardiac pathologies before getting COVID-19. Results: Out of total 143 COVID-19 patients included in the study, 24 patients (16.8%) developed myocarditis. The frequency of myocarditis in COVID-19 positive male population was 14.6% (10.5% of all myocarditis cases) and that of female population was 22.5% (6.3% of all myocarditis cases). The raised pro-inflammatory markers IL-6 and CRP were significantly associated with development of myocarditis while ferritin was not significantly associated. Only 28% of the study population recovered and got discharged from the hospital, however, there were no survivors among those who developed myocarditis. Conclusion: Myocarditis is a serious complication of COVID-19 and directly linked to increased mortality risk. There is an increasing need to perform serial assays for the inflammatory as well as cardiac biomarkers including IL-6, Trop-I and NT-pro-BNP for early detection and prompt treatment of this not so uncommon complication. © 2021, Army Medical College. All rights reserved.

Coronavirus exacerbates xenophobia: Consciousness of Twitter posting during the pandemic

Free speech is not a license for racists to spread propaganda. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 and its subsequent spread across the globe has left a shocking wave of disbelief resulting in an upsurge of xenophobia in the society. Racism is a system of dominance and power designed to uphold the racially privileged. This study delves into the consciousness of Twitter postings during the COVID-19 pandemic and deconstructs the power dynamics in the hashtags used. The study's data was analysed using Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) to identify the representation within tweet sample sets. The study concludes that social interactions on Twitter constructs power dynamics and these shared values create a new form of power resistance and subjugated knowledge. This leads to a discussion of power between social media intertwined with the machine learning tools in social science and humanities studies. This study contributes to the academic debates about the public sphere and social media's role in constructing meaning in cultural and social change. It also suggests that Twitter develops policies to prohibit hate speech and impose regulations to ensure that online spaces remain civil, safe, and democratic.

Validation of a novel fluorescent lateral flow assay for rapid qualitative and quantitative assessment of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD binding antibody units (BAU) from plasma or fingerstick whole-blood of COVID-19 vaccinees (preprint)

BackgroundLimited commercial LFA assays are available to provide a reliable quantitative measurement of the total binding antibody units (BAU/mL) against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-RBD). AimTo evaluate the performance of FinecareTM2019-nCoV S-RBD LFA and its fluorescent reader (FinecareTM-FIA Meter) against the following reference methods (i) The FDA-approved Genscript surrogate virus-neutralizing assay (sVNT), and (ii) three highly performing automated immunoassays: BioMerieux VIDAS(R)3, Ortho VITROS(R), and Mindray CL-900i(R). MethodsPlasma from 488 vaccinees were tested by all aforementioned assays. Fingerstick whole-blood samples from 156 vaccinees were also tested by FinecareTM. Results and conclusionsFinecareTM showed 100% specificity as none of the pre-pandemic samples tested positive. Equivalent FinecareTM results were observed among the samples taken from fingerstick or plasma (Pearson correlation r=0.9, p<0.0001), suggesting that fingerstick samples are sufficient to quantitate the S-RBD BAU/mL. A moderate correlation was observed between FinecareTM and sVNT (r=0.5, p<0.0001), indicating that FinecareTM can be used for rapid prediction of the neutralization antibody post-vaccination. FinecareTM BAU results showed strong correlation with VIDAS(R)3 (r=0.6, p<0.0001), and moderate correlation with VITROS(R) (r=0.5, p<0.0001), and CL-900i(R) (r=0.4, p<0.0001), suggesting that FinecareTM be used as a surrogate for the advanced automated assays to measure S-RBD BAU/mL.

Covid-19 pandemic-prevalence of depression, anxiety and insomnia during Covid-19 lockdown and its associated factors in Karachi, Pakistan

We aimed to determine the frequency of depression, anxiety and insomnia;identify associated factors;and compare these outcomes amongst a privileged and underprivileged class of Pakistan. A cross-sectional online and face to face survey was conducted in Karachi from April 2020 to May 2020. Validated depression (World Health Organization self-reporting questionnaire), anxiety (general anxiety and depression scale) and insomnia (insomnia severity index) scales were used. Out of 447 participants, the majority were less than 30 years (63.8%) and females (57.7%);20.8% study participants belonged to poor or very poor socioeconomic status;17% respondents were from lower middle status and 38% belonged to the higher middle or rich class. Depression, anxiety and insomnia were identified in 30%, 30.63% and 8.5% of participants, respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and insomnia among privileged people was 37.8%, 16.6% and 11.3% respectively whereas among underprivileged were 17.8%, 16.6% and 4.1% respectively. There were significant differences in frequencies of depression (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001) and insomnia (p=0.009) among the privileged and underprivileged classes. We found a high prevalence of depression, anxiety and insomnia among both the privileged and underprivileged Pakistani population and a policy needs to be devised to ensure the mental health of Pakistani population.

Assessing the Coronavirus Research Output: A Bibliometric Analysis

The aim of this article is to examine the bibliometric analysis of global publication output on coronavirus, as covered in Web of Science during the period from 2000 to 2019. A total of 10,861 documents were found during a 20-year period spanning from 2000 to 2019 published in the ISI Web of Science. The study analyses annual productivity, most productive source titles, prolific countries, eminent institutions, linguistic analysis and productivity of authors and their contribution in the subject area. The findings reveal that the most productive year of publication was 2004 that included 782 publications with the majority published in the Journal of Virology. The result further indicates that the USA, China and Germany are the most productive countries in the field of Coronavirus research output. In terms of institutional output, University of Hong Kong emerged as the most productive institution;Yuen KY from Hong Kong is the most prolific author. In the subject category type, the most prominent subject field is Virology, Infectious Disease and Veterinary Science. The findings of the study are limited to the data harvested from ‘Web of Science’. This study is of immense relevance to researchers and academicians who are searching for answers to this pandemic. This will provide insights to academicians to collaborate with other researchers based on the quality of the research produced by other countries and institutes. The study is useful for researchers, immunologists and epidemiologists who are interested in the field of Coronavirus and serves as a base for future research. © 2020 International Management Institute, New Delhi.

The need for consensus on the effective approach to control covid-19 outbreak

Background: A recent study has discussed ways of China's success in overcoming COVID-19, presenting three concerns that occur in China that should also be addressed by each country, namely regarding emergency response measures;mobilize resources quickly;encourage people to have participated in the actions taken. Among the approaches taken by China, three ways consisting of lockdown;the willingness of people to be patient in obeying the actions taken;distancing;in our view, it is further urged to be the similar consensus adopted by each country as at least the three basic principles that required for in the strategy against the COVID-19 outbreak. Vietnam can be a representative example to discuss, understand and realize the importance of these three basic principles enough to say that it also supports them as the first country to date, to our knowledge, with all sufferers of COVID-19 successfully cured at one time, discussing what essentially has not been analyzed concerning the traditional epidemiological approach known to effectively control the transmission of an outbreak. Main text: Vietnam has responded timely by immediately announced the state of national health emergency and implemented a partial quarantine or lockdown policy with initially only a ban on coming from and going out to China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau and the people in Vietnam, unspeakably, are patient and spread out or distanced. These actions of the Vietnamese seem to have had arguably an impact on all COVID-19 sufferers successfully cured in one time and the absence of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection that lasted for some time. Conclusions: The recent study who thereafter concludes the need for global coordination in interventions and responses to the outbreak by reflecting lessons from China has demonstrated the implications supporting our view of the need for a consensus similarly by each authority regarding at least the three basic principles that required for to be performed in controlling the outbreak transmission, COVID-19, in the form of the lockdown, patience in facing outbreak situations, and distancing that all of those performed simultaneously.

Any contribution of the season change to the spread of covid-19 caused by sars-cov-2?

Background: Most people raise a similar concern during this tough time of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection regarding when this outbreak will come to end. A recent thorough-general study on the success of China dealing with COVID-19 outbreak has concluded to recommend the need for a multi-sectoral approach to prevent future outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases including for the still-occurring COVID-19 outbreak with the initiative for the highest interest of the health of mankind Discussion: The prevalence of SARS-CoV as the predecessor of SARS-CoV-2 has been concluded to be more suitable in spring than autumn and winter, with nothing prevalence in summer. No coincidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection has outbreak around the world from January 2020 to the present, April 2020, as ever predicted to reoccur based on its predecessor, SARS-CoV, that have prevalence been high since January, February, March, April, until early May 2003. As opposed to other seasons, summer has low atmospheric pressure as its exemption that provenly causes virus inactivation. Conclusions: The denotative nature of SARS-CoV-2 seems to reflect its predecessor, SARS-CoV, which begins nearing the end of the year and reaches its optimum hence in spring, thereafter, finally ends in summer. Low atmospheric pressure in the summer impresses that it is the potential cause of ending the outbreak by deactivating SARS-CoV-2, apart from the hot temperature of weather. The knowledge to be gained here is further closely correlated to the fact that coronavirus is able to have genetic recombination that may bring about new genotypes and, consequently, outbreaks later occurring.